Exacerbation of the duality determinism/possibilism occurred by the influence of academic feuds and political-ideological strife, and also because they set some concepts in their model which are butĪbstractions that make sense only in a metaphysical context. The environmental determinism should not be conceived as a label given to a theory that advocates absolute and unique determination of environmental factors on man. In the criticism about possibilism and determinism. ![]() ![]() ![]() Most of the insightful criticism emerged in the 50s, 60s and 70s, when some authors as Lewthwaite, Martin, Speth, Spate, Peet and Montefiori, wrote articles to defend their positions and show new nuances The criticisms launched couldīarely mention the main weaknesses of both theories, and sometimes slipped into unproductive mockery and superficial criticism. In our academic education, sometimes we hear or read of geographical thought in the nineteenth century as a merely trivial quarrel between the “German school of determinism” and the “French school of possibilism”. ![]() The purpose of this article is to enlighten some misunderstandings in the history of geographical thought, emphasizing the false duality possibilism/determinism.
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